Exploring Black and White Velcro Vans for Women
Intro
Black and white Velcro Vans for women are more than just footwear; they’re a statement. Crafted for comfort and style, these shoes capture the essence of everyday wear while seamlessly blending into the vibrant world of skate culture. Over the decades, Vans has established itself as a cornerstone in the industry, appealing to those who value both functionality and design.
The use of Velcro instead of traditional laces may raise eyebrows, but it speaks volumes about practicality and ease. No more fumbling around when you're in a hurry; just strap in and go. This quick-fastening feature not only enhances convenience but also lets skaters focus on what they love—skating.
Let’s take a deeper dive into the allure of black and white Velcro Vans, exploring their aesthetic, historical significance, and how they effortlessly cater to both skaters and fashion-forward individuals. What we’re aiming for is an intricate understanding of their features, user experiences, and tips on how to style and maintain these iconic sneakers.
Tricks and Techniques
The charm of black and white Velcro Vans lies in both their functionality and their potential in the skateboarding realm. Here, we'll explore some tricks and techniques that can be paired with these shoes, providing a guide for both enthusiasts and newcomers.
Step-by-step Guides to Popular Tricks
Learning how to skate can seem daunting, but with the right mindset, it’s all about practice and perseverance. Here’s a simple guide on some tricks that can be executed while sporting your Velcro Vans:
- Ollie: The basic building block for most tricks.
- Kickflip: A fundamental trick that adds flair.
- Heelflip: Similar to a kickflip, but the motion is different.
- Start rolling slowly.
- Place your back foot on the tail and your front foot in the middle.
- Push down on the tail and jump up, dragging your front foot to level the board.
- Begin as you would for an Ollie.
- When jumping, slide your front foot up and flick it out to the side with your toes.
- Catch the board after it flips and land smoothly.
- Setup like an Ollie.
- Push your front foot down and outward to the heel side, flipping the board.
- Land with control.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Learning new tricks can lead to common pitfalls, even among experienced skaters. Here are a few typical mistakes and tips to steer clear of them:
- Not Committing: Hesitation can lead to falls. Always commit to your tricks.
- Poor Balance: Focus on your body positioning. Keeping your knees bent and weight centered helps.
- Inconsistent Foot Placement: Always ensure your feet are in the right position for each trick. Practice can help.
"Skating is not about perfection; it’s about expression and creativity. Don’t stress the mistakes—each one is a learning experience."
— Anonymous Skater
Gear and Equipment
When it comes to skateboarding, having the right gear is crucial for not only performance but also safety. Opting for black and white Velcro Vans means bringing style into the equation, but understanding what other equipment enhances the experience is equally important.
Essential Gear for Beginners and Advanced Skateboarders
For Beginners
- Skateboard: A solid deck with a good grip tape is essential. Brands like Element or Santa Cruz offer excellent beginner options.
- Helmet: Always prioritize safety. Look for CPSC-certified helmets that fit snugly.
- Pads: Wrist guards, knee pads, and elbow pads can save you from bruises during falls.
For Advanced Skaters
- High-Quality Decks: Choose a lightweight deck from premium brands like Baker or Anti-Hero.
- Trucks and Wheels: Opt for lighter trucks and various hardness wheels tailored to your style of skating.
- Grip Tape: Customize your grip tape to add flair to your board.
In closing, black and white Velcro Vans for women present an incredible blend of function, style, and culture. They serve not just as skate shoes but as a versatile part of one’s wardrobe. The next sections will explore their unique design and care techniques, ultimately emphasizing their role in both skateboarding and fashion. A pair of these sneakers can make you feel comfortable on the board while keeping you looking sharp off it.
Preamble to Black and White Velcro Vans
The incorporation of black and white Velcro Vans into women's footwear choices is more than just a fashion statement. It represents a fusion of practicality, style, and cultural identity. This particular style of shoe caters to a diverse audience, ranging from skateboarding enthusiasts to everyday wearers seeking a blend of comfort and aesthetic appeal. The ability of Velcro to provide easy adjustments ensures that wearers can enjoy both functionality and flair in one package.
Overview of the Vans Brand
Vans, established in 1966, has carved its niche as a stalwart in the skateboarding world. The brand has always championed creativity and self-expression through its products. Known for their signature checkerboard patterns and iconic logo, Vans shoes have witnessed countless evolutions. The Velcro variants add a unique twist to their traditional offerings, resonating particularly with women who appreciate distinctive style and ease of use.
Popular among various demographics, Vans represents more than mere footwear; it's a cultural artifact that encapsulates the spirit of rebellion and individuality inherent in skate culture. The versatility of their designs allows them to transcend sports, finding a comfortable place in street fashion, youth culture, and casual settings.
Purpose and Popularity of Velcro Designs
Velcro designs carry immense weight in the footwear landscape, especially among women. While traditional laces can often create headaches—whether tied too loose or too tight—Velcro provides a seamless solution. This practical fastening system encourages independence and reassurance, reminding users that style does not have to compromise comfort.
Moreover, the popularity of Velcro has seen a resurgence in recent years, paralleled with the rising trend of retro styles. It invites nostalgia while catering to modern sensibilities. The black and white color scheme specifically appeals to those who seek classic, versatile pieces that can pair well with various outfits.
"Simplicity does not mean dullness; it's where confidence meets versatility."
The appeal of these Velcro Vans lies not only in their ease of wear but also in their adaptability. They can effortlessly transition from an afternoon at the skatepark to a casual dinner out. The fact that they resonate well with the current emphasis on comfort, especially in active lifestyles, solidifies their place in contemporary fashion.
Both tik Tok and Instagram influencers have propelled these shoes into the limelight, showcasing them as must-have items for a laid-back yet chic wardrobe. As a result, black and white Velcro Vans have become a staple for women looking to blend comfort with style.
Historical Context of Vans Footwear
Understanding the historical context of Vans footwear is crucial for grasping not just the evolution of sneaker culture, but also how the distinctive style of black and white Velcro Vans fits within this larger narrative. Vans has long been synonymous with skateboarding and youth culture. Their journey showcases a blend of innovation and adaptation that has kept them relevant through changing trends and consumer preferences.
The Origins of Vans
The story of Vans begins in 1966 in California, where brothers Paul and James Van Doren, along with their business partner, launched the Van Doren Rubber Company. They were not merely selling shoes; they were creating a product that resonated with the lifestyle of local skateboarders. Unlike mass-produced sneakers, Vans offered customization in designs and a rugged construction that catered to the needs of skaters.
The original style, known today as the Vans #44 or Era, was designed with both functionality and aesthetic appeal in mind. Imagine a time when skateboarding was a nascent sport with a raw, rebellious spirit. The shoes were built to endure the wear and tear of daily skating, paving the way for a community that embraced both authenticity and performance.
Evolution of the Velcro Style
While the traditional lace-up styles gained early prominence, the introduction of Velcro as a fastening system marked a significant shift in both design and utility. Velcro provided a tightening mechanism that was not only easy to manage but also allowed for quick adjustments. It was especially convenient for women, whose footwear often required a balance between style and function.
The Velcro design blossomed in the late 1970s and ‘80s, coinciding with broader trends in athletic footwear that emphasized ease and practicality. Skaters appreciated the no-fuss approach that came with Velcro, eliminating the risks of laces snagging during tricks or coming undone mid-ride.
These adaptations weren’t just trend-driven; they mirrored the evolution of skateboarding itself. With increased participation from female skaters, Velcro Vans became more than just practical; they turned into a canvas for self-expression. The black and white color scheme offered versatility, able to match with casual outfits or more skateboard-focused attire.
Final Thoughts on History
The historical backdrop of Vans reflects its seamless integration into skate culture, particularly with innovations like Velcro. These developments illustrate not just the brand’s flexible approach to design, but its commitment to adapting to the needs of its community. As the landscape of skateboarding continues to expand and diversify, the black and white Velcro Vans stand as a testament to the brand’s legacy and its ability to resonate with a wide audience.
"Vans aren't just shoes; they are a piece of history that resonates with the spirit of skateboarding."
As we dive deeper into specific design elements and user experiences, it’s essential to appreciate how these shoes have not only been worn but have helped shape the culture they are part of.
Design Elements of Black and White Velcro Vans
When it comes to footwear, especially in the realm of skate shoes, the design elements are not just for looks; they play a significant role in the overall functionality, comfort, and appeal. Thus, examining the specific design aspects of black and white Velcro Vans is essential in understanding their allure and utility for women. These shoes merge style with practicality, making them appealing to both casual wearers and seasoned skaters alike. Let's delve into the key design features that set these Vans apart.
Material Quality and Durability
The backbone of any shoe is its material. Black and white Velcro Vans often utilize sturdy canvas for the upper, coupled with rubber soles that provide traction and resilience. This combination ensures that the shoes can withstand the wear and tear of daily activities and skateboarding, a lifestyle that demands durability.
- Breathability: The canvas allows for ample breathability, essential for comfort during warm days or long hours on the board.
- Water-Resistance: Some models come with treated surfaces, offering a certain degree of water resistance without compromising style.
- Washable Options: Given the white accents, easy-to-clean materials significantly add to the practicality of these shoes, maintaining their sharp appearance over time.
Color Scheme and Aesthetic Appeal
The classic black and white color scheme is a timeless choice, transcending trends and appealing to various tastes. Aesthetically, this combination offers versatility, allowing the shoes to fit seamlessly into numerous fashion styles, from laid-back streetwear to sporty ensembles.
- Bold Simplicity: The stark contrast provides a bold statement without being overwhelming, allowing for easy pairing with different outfits.
- Personalization: Many wearers enjoy customizing their Vans, adding patches or doodles that complement the black and white base, personalizing their aesthetic.
"A simple pair of shoes can define a look. Black and white Velcro Vans manage to do this with effortless style, tying together multiple themes in one versatile package."
Comfort and Fit for Women
Comfort is paramount when it comes to footwear, particularly for women who may seek both functionality and style. The black and white Velcro Vans have been designed with the female foot's unique contours in mind.
- Fit: The Velcro straps provide an adjustable fit, ensuring that each wearer can find their snugness without the fuss of laces.
- Padding: Ample cushioning in the sole and around the ankle enhances comfort, absorbing impact and providing support for various activities.
- Sizing Options: With a range of sizes available, there's likely a perfect fit for nearly every woman.
In sum, the design elements of the black and white Velcro Vans speak volumes about their intended audience. By blending quality materials, an aesthetically pleasing color scheme, and a focus on comfort, these shoes not only serve practical purposes but also play a significant role in fashion, making them a remarkable choice for women of all styles.
Functionality and Performance in Skateboarding
When it comes to skate shoes, functionality and performance are not just buzzwords; they are the lifeblood of the skater's experience. Black and white Velcro Vans, particularly for women, stand out not only for their unique aesthetic but also for how they perform under the demands of skateboarding. The elements of traction, grip, support, and stability are paramount in ensuring a seamless experience on the board—allowing skaters to focus on their tricks rather than worrying about their footwear.
Traction and Grip on the Board
Traction can make or break a skateboarding session. Black and white Velcro Vans feature a meticulously designed rubber outsole that offers superior grip on most skate surfaces. The tread pattern, which incorporates a waffle design, plays a crucial role in providing the necessary traction. When your foot can stick to the board like glue, it expands your range of movement and confidence.
- Enhanced Control: Skaters report improved control while performing complex tricks, as the rubber outsoles grip the deck effectively.
- Surface Compatibility: Whether you are rolling on concrete, wood, or other materials, these shoes adapt, providing the right kind of traction for various skate locales.
- Longevity Consideration: The durability of the sole means it can withstand wear and tear, maintaining its grip longer than many competitors. If you're serious about skateboarding, a solid grip translates to fewer falls and more fun.
"A dependable grip can be the difference between a trick gone right and a faceplant!" – Skateboarder Review
Support and Stability During Tricks
When soaring through the air or landing complicated maneuvers, support and stability in your shoes become indispensable. The design of black and white Velcro Vans provides a snug fit around the ankle, thanks to a thoughtfully balanced construction that does not compromise on comfort.
- Ankle Support: While not a high-top shoe, these Vans still offer sufficient ankle support. The Velcro straps allow for a customizable fit that hugs your foot, preventing unwanted movement that can lead to injury.
- Cushioned Footbed: The shoes come with a cushioned footbed that absorbs impact, reducing strain on your joints. This feature is critical for skaters who frequently land hard after jumps or tricks.
- Lightweight Construction: Despite their supportive nature, these shoes are lightweight, ensuring that skaters can perform tricks without feeling bogged down. The blend of comfort and support creates a harmonious balance needed for skating.
In sum, choosing black and white Velcro Vans goes beyond style; it directly influences your performance on the board. Whether kicking flips or grinding rails, having shoes that ensure dependable traction and support becomes essential for both novices and seasoned skaters.
Styling Black and White Velcro Vans
Understanding how to style black and white Velcro Vans is essential for maximizing their versatility. These shoes are much more than just a comfortable option for skaters; they represent a fusion of practicality and fashion that fits seamlessly into various lifestyles. One of the great advantages of these sneakers is the ease with which they can be integrated into casual and sporty outfits alike. The emphasis on black and white not only makes them relatable to many wardrobes but also allows for a plethora of styling possibilities.
When considering outfit pairings, it’s important to think about the overall aesthetic you want to achieve. The classic color scheme means these shoes can genuinely adapt to both laid-back and slightly more polished looks. With that said, keep in mind a few essential elements that can enhance your outfit when rocking these stylish kicks.
Casual Outfits for Everyday Wear
Opting for a casual outfit means comfort should be at the forefront. People often gravitate towards a laid-back vibe, perhaps opting for slouchy tees, relaxed-fit jeans, or even joggers. The key is to ensure that the pieces are not only stylish but also practical for daily wear. Black and white Velcro Vans fit into this equation beautifully. Here are some ideas to consider when creating a casual look:
- Slim-fit jeans or baggy cargo pants: Both styles highlight the Vans while also allowing for movement and flexibility.
- Graphic tees or oversized hoodies: These adds a fun element that reflects personal style.
- Light jackets or flannel shirts: Layers can elevate a simple look while keeping things comfortable.
- Accessories like beanies or crossbody bags can complement the overall appearance without overwhelming it.
"The beauty of black and white Velcro Vans is their ability to transition effortlessly between casual wear and more intentional fashion choices."
This adaptable nature makes it easy for someone to express their unique style while remaining comfortable throughout their day. Remember, pairing the right accessories can help in achieving an effortless chic look with these classic shoes.
Integrating Vans into Skate Fashion
When it comes to skate culture, there’s no denying that Vans have carved out their own niche. Integrating black and white Velcro Vans into skate fashion necessitates an understanding of the sport's identity. Skate fashion often embodies a rebellious yet approachable aesthetic, which is where these shoes shine. Here are some suggestions on how to incorporate these Vans into an authentic skate ensemble:
- Skate shorts or baggy jeans: These offer freedom of movement and comfort, allowing skaters to perform tricks without hindrance.
- Oversized tees or tank tops: Loose clothing can enhance airflow and create an effortlessly cool vibe.
- Hoodies with graphic designs: A staple in any skater’s wardrobe, these can add street cred and style.
- Functional accessories: Crossbody bags or backpacks are practical, and they keep necessary gear handy.
The use of black and white Velcro Vans in this context doesn’t just make a fashion statement; it also aligns with the demands of skateboarding. Comfort, grip, and support all play a crucial role in footwear choice for those jumping on a board, making these Vans a practical option that resonates with the skate lifestyle.
Care and Maintenance of Velcro Vans
Caring for your black and white Velcro Vans is essential not only to maintain their aesthetic appeal but also to ensure their longevity. Regular care can prevent wear and tear, extend the lifespan of the materials, and keep the Velcro fasteners in top condition. By understanding proper care techniques, wearers can truly enjoy their Vans without worrying about the premature degradation that can often come with active use.
Cleaning Techniques for Black and White Fabrics
Black and white fabrics may be particularly tricky due to their contrasting colors. Any dirt or stains can easily become noticeable, so keeping them clean is crucial. Here’s a straightforward approach to handling the upkeep:
- Spot Cleaning: When you notice a stain, immediately dab the area with a damp cloth. For tougher stains, some mild soap mixed with water can work wonders. Just make sure you rinse away all soap residue to avoid any discoloration.
- Machine Washing: While it’s not advisable to toss your Vans directly into the washing machine due to potential damage, if they’re particularly dirty, you might consider it. Place them in a mesh laundry bag to protect their shape. Use cold water and a gentle cycle.
- Air Drying: After washing, always air dry the sneakers. This method helps to prevent the glue in the sole from degrading faster, which can happen under high heat.
Keeping them clean will help you maintain the sleek, polished look of your black and white Velcro Vans, ensuring that they’re always ready for the next skate session or casual outing.
Extending the Life of Velcro Fasteners
Velcro closures offer unparalleled convenience, but they can lose effectiveness over time if not cared for properly. Here are some effective strategies to ensure that the Velcro on your Vans stays functional:
- Regular Debris Removal: After each use, especially if you’ve been skating, take a moment to check the Velcro for any trapped debris like sand or lint. Use a soft brush to clean it out, avoiding any tears to the material.
- Avoid Overuse: While it might be tempting to tightly seal your shoes, excessive pulling can strain the Velcro strips. Just enough tension to secure your footwear should suffice.
- Occasional Rinsing: If your shoes have been exposed to mud or heavy dirt, gently rinse the Velcro under lukewarm water to dislodge particles. Just like cleaning the fabric, ensure to let them air dry afterward.
Maintaining the Velcro fasteners effectively keeps your shoes functional and makes putting them on and taking them off a breeze, an essential feature for anyone on the go.
"Regular care not only preserves the aesthetic appeal of your Vans but also enhances their overall functionality and lifespan."
In essence, mastering the care and maintenance of your black and white Velcro Vans translates to sustainable enjoyment and a longer-lasting relationship with this iconic footwear.
User Experience and Feedback
User experience and feedback are crucial when it comes to skate shoes, especially for women. The true test of any sneaker, particularly in the world of skateboarding, is how they perform in real-life conditions. This section dives into what users are saying about black and white Velcro Vans, shedding light on their comfort, usability, and overall perception in the skateboarding community.
Testimonials from Skateboarders
Skateboarders often turn to their peers for recommendations, and the importance of firsthand experiences cannot be understated. Many female skateboarders rave about the black and white Velcro Vans for their easy adjustment and distinct style.
One skater, Laura, shared her thoughts on a popular forum:
"I love how these shoes fit my feet. With the Velcro straps, I can get the snugness I need without fussing with laces all the time. They give me the freedom to focus on my tricks, not my footwear!"
This sentiment is echoed among other users. The ability to quickly tighten or loosen the shoes allows for a personalized fit, something that is particularly valuable during prolonged skating sessions. Additionally, many users appreciate that these shoes maintain a classic vibe, effortlessly blending street style with functionality.
However, it's not all roses; some feedback mentions the longevity of the Velcro itself. A significant number of customers have expressed concerns over wear and tear after extensive use. For instance, community discussions on platforms like Reddit highlight mixed reviews regarding how long the Velcro fasteners hold up compared to traditional laces. Despite this, the consensus is that the immediate comfort and convenience often outweigh the drawbacks, especially for women who appreciate a blend of aesthetic and practicality.
Comparisons with Other Skate Shoes
When comparing black and white Velcro Vans to other skate shoes, it’s essential to consider design, fit, and performance. While many skate shoes might boast complex lacing systems or advanced cushioning technologies, the simplistic yet effective design of Velcro Vans appeals to many riders.
For example:
- Simplicity: Unlike shoes with fancy lacing, Velcro offers instant adjustability.
- Weight: Vans are generally lighter, making them a preferred choice for those looking for unencumbered mobility.
- Style: The classic black and white combination provides a versatile look that pairs well with various outfits, something often missing in high-tech skating shoes.
On the flip side, some brands like Nike SB and Adidas offer superior arch support and cushioning, which might be more suitable for professional skateboarders engaging in heavy-duty tricks. These brands also often use more advanced materials designed for durability and high-impact landings.
Cultural Significance of Skate Shoes
The evolution of skate shoes goes beyond mere functionality. They serve as cultural artifacts that capture the identity and progression of the skateboarding community. From the streets to high fashion, skate shoes have become symbols of rebellion, creativity, and personal expression. Black and white Velcro Vans, in particular, embody this cultural significance due to their blend of aesthetic appeal and practicality, making them a beloved choice among women skaters.
Skateboarding and Fashion Trends
Skateboarding has long been intertwined with fashion, often shaping and reshaping styles across different eras. The black and white Velcro Vans not only cater to skaters who appreciate performance but also resonate with the trends emerging from skate culture. The simplicity of black and white allows for versatile styling, making these shoes a staple not just for the park but also as a chic urban footwear choice.
- Influence of Street Style: The raw, grassroots nature of skateboarding has influenced high fashion, pushing designers to incorporate skate aesthetics into their collections. The clean lines and straightforward color scheme of these Vans provide a trendy yet effortless look that appeals to a wide audience.
- Collaboration with Designers: Over the years, collaborations between Vans and various fashion designers have spotlighted the brand's capacity to merge functionality with high fashion. This trend elevates the perception of skate shoes, allowing them to transcend their original purpose.
As more people embrace skate culture, black and white Velcro Vans have found their way into everyday wardrobes. This phenomenon reflects a broader cultural acceptance of athletic styles seamlessly woven into daily outfits.
Impact of Women in the Skateboarding Community
While skateboarding has historically been male-dominated, there’s been a notable shift thanks to the growing presence of women in the community. Women skaters are not just participating in the sport but actively shaping its future, bringing new styles, perspectives, and creativity.
- Breaking Stereotypes: The rise of female skaters challenges traditional stereotypes and highlights the importance of inclusivity in the sport. Women who sport black and white Velcro Vans are not just wearing shoes—they're making a statement about their presence and influence.
- Creating Role Models: Female skateboarders like Lizzie Armanto and Aori Nishimura inspire future generations, showcasing that skateboarding is for everyone. Their visibility promotes a more diverse community, encouraging more women to pick up a board and join the ranks.
- Redefining Style: Women in skateboarding are pivotal in redefining style and trends, often opting for designs that prioritize both form and function. The practical yet stylish design of Velcro Vans makes them a go-to choice as women shatter assumptions about what a skater looks like.
"Skate shoes tell a story of mobility, creativity, and identity. They are not just shoes but a canvas of culture and empowerment."
The cultural significance of black and white Velcro Vans reflects broader societal changes within the skateboarding community. As these shoes continue to represent not only athletic prowess but also a fashionable identity, they remain an integral part of the evolving narrative of skate culture.
The End: The Versatility of Black and White Velcro Vans
In the world of footwear, the black and white Velcro Vans for women stand out not just as a trending item but as a statement of adaptability and style. This article delved into numerous facets of these shoes—from their historical roots to their design elements and functionality in the skateboarding scene. Understanding their versatility underscores why they have become a staple for many.
The fundamental appeal of these shoes lies in their combination of practicality and aesthetic charm.
- Functional Fasteners: The Velcro straps simplify the process of wearing shoes, especially when you're on the go. Many women appreciate the ease of slipping in and out of these shoes without the hassle of traditional laces.
- Style Duo: The monochrome palettes of black and white open a wide array of styling possibilities. Whether paired with a casual dress for a laid-back outing or with leggings for a dynamic day, they effortlessly blend into various outfits.
- Comfort Across the Board: Beyond giving a nod to skate culture, the shoes prioritize comfort. Their fitting design allows for versatility, accommodating everything from light strolls to more intense activities like skateboarding.
"Black and white Velcro Vans not only support my skate sessions but also fit right in with my everyday street style."
- Avid skateboarder and fashion enthusiast
Summary of Key Attributes
- Durability: Crafted from high-quality materials, these shoes withstand daily wear and tear, ensuring they last longer than you'd expect.
- User-Friendly Design: The Velcro system means easy adjustability, catering to different foot shapes and sizes.
- Cultural Relevance: As skateboarding continues to grow, these shoes embody a lifestyle that resonates with many women, showcasing their presence in both the skate and fashion worlds.
Future Trends in Skate Footwear
The landscape of skate footwear is constantly evolving, with exciting trends emerging.
- Sustainable Materials: An increasing number of brands are exploring eco-friendly fabrics, and Vans are likely not to miss this trend. The use of recycled components could play a key role in future designs.
- Customizable Options: As individuality becomes a central theme in fashion, we can expect to see more customizable options for Vans, allowing users to personalize their shoes.
- Technology Integration: The potential introduction of smart materials that adapt to the wearer's foot movements and climate may redefine the skate experience. We're in an age where high-tech shoes could enhance performance, lining up with traditional aesthetics and street style.
In summation, black and white Velcro Vans for women embody much more than mere footwear. They symbolize a seamless blend of culture, comfort, and cool that aligns with modern sensibilities.
As the skateboarding community evolves, these shoes are likely to continue garnering favor, solidifying their place as icons in both sports and fashion realms.
